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Nowadays, with the outbreak of COVID-19, the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 has gradually become the focus of social disease prevention, and most patients are also more concerned about the symptoms. COVID-19 has symptoms similar to the common cold, and it cannot be diagnosed based on the symptoms shown by the patient, so it is necessary to observe medical images of the lungs to finally determine whether they are COVID-19 positive. As the number of patients with symptoms similar to pneumonia increases, more and more medical images of the lungs need to be generated. At the same time, the number of physicians at this stage is far from meeting the needs of patients, resulting in patients unable to detect and understand their own conditions in time. In this regard, we have performed image augmentation, data cleaning, and designed a deep learning classification network based on the data set of COVID-19 lung medical images. accurate classification judgment. The network can achieve 95.76% classification accuracy for this task through a new fine-tuning method and hyperparameter tuning we designed, which has higher accuracy and less training time than the classic convolutional neural network model. © 2023 SPIE.
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Objective: To summarize and compare the main traditional Chinese medicineTCMsyndromes of Delta and Omicron variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SARS-CoV-2 carriers to provide references for the syndrome evolution and syndrome differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Method(s):The TCM medical records of imported and local cases of infection with Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Changsha since September 23,2021 to March 27,2022 were collected,including 18 Delta variant cases and 36 Omicron variant cases. Their TCM diagnosis information and TCM pathogenesis were analyzed and compared. Result(s): The common manifestations in Delta variant cases were cough,fever,chest distress/shortness of breath,sore muscles,nausea,dry mouth,dry or sore throat,thick and greasy tongue coating,and rapid and slippery pulse. The predominant pathogenesis was dampness-heat in the upper-energizer and heat stagnation in the lesser Yang combined with dampness. The occurrence of chest distress/shortness of breath,greasy tongue coating,slippery pulse,and the proportion of dampness-heat in the upper-energizer syndrome were higher in Delta variant cases than in Omicron variant cases P<0.05. The common manifestations in Omicron variant cases were itchy and sore throat,nasal congestion,running nose,fever,mild aversion to cold,dry mouth,dizziness,slightly reddish tongue with thin white coating,and rapid or wiry pulse. The predominant pathogenesis was wind-dryness invading defensive exterior,and heat stagnation in the lesser Yang. The occurrence of white-coated tongue and the proportion of wind-dryness invading defensive exterior syndrome were higher in Omicron variant cases than in Delta variant casesP<0.05. Conclusion(s): There are certain differences in TCM syndromes and the corresponding pathogenesis between Delta variant and Omicron variant cases in Changsha,Hunan. The Delta variant of SARS-COV-2 tends to induce dampness-heat syndrome, whereas Omicron variant infection tends to elicit wind-dampness syndrome,which is expected to provide a reference for the pathogenesis evolution of SARS-COV-2 infection.Copyright © 2022, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. All rights reserved.
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The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how vital cold chain is for the pharmaceutical industry, particularly as some vaccines needed to be produced, transported, and stored at -70 °C. Market projections for cold chain logistics of pharmaceuticals are projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 9.03% by 2025, which is reported to be driven by greater global demand for pharmaceuticals, increasing initiatives to promote cold chain, and more demand for reefer containers from the pharma industry (1). Gilmore (Tower Cold Chain): Putting the European success of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout to one side, the demand for effective temperature-controlled packaging solutions in the pharmaceutical supply chain has increased significantly in recent years. Today, the cold chain is grappling with additional challenges: serving a global market, driving out costs and waste, addressing capacity and resource constraints, and dealing with continually mounting regulations-all whilst handling valuable pharmaceutical cargo. Cold chain logistics providers must invest in the latest on-board equipment built into containers to track temperature and location, and to make data available to partners and customers in real time, to prevent or mitigate loss.
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Cold chain logistics distribution orders have increased due to the impact of COVID-19. In view of the increasing difficulty of route optimization and the increase of carbon emissions in the process of cold chain logistics distribution, a mathematical model for route optimization of cold chain logistics distribution vehicles with minimum comprehensive cost is established by considering the cost of carbon emission intensity comprehensively in this paper. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1) An improved hybrid ant colony algorithm is proposed, which combined simulated annealing algorithm to get rid of the local optimal solution. 2) Chaotic mapping is introduced in pheromone update to accelerate convergence and improve search efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed method in optimizing cold chain logistics distribution path and reducing costs is verified by simulation experiments and comparison with the existing classical algorithms. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press.
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Many best practices and lessons learned have emerged in recent years as pharma/life sciences companies, along with their third-party logistics partners and vendors that supply specialized packaging and monitoring solutions, have all weathered the COVID-19 pandemic together and continued to support ongoing growth in the pipeline of therapeutic products that must be continuously maintained at refrigerated, frozen, or ultra-frozen temperatures. Cold chain planning and execution "... continues to be impacted by not only the pandemic but by other factors, such as air cargo capacity being down, instability related to inflation, the Russia/Ukraine conflict, and more, but despite it all, you still have patients depending on what you're delivering," notes Rob Coyle, senior vice president, healthcare strategy, Kuehne+Nagel. "With careful planning, we're often able to replace active shippers with passive units by leveraging existing infrastructure, ongoing advances in insulation materials, phase-change materials (PCM), and container designs, using advanced GPS and other monitoring devices to ensure continuous access to real-time location, temperature, and other data," adds Scott Ohanesian, senior vice president, commercial operations, QuickStat, a Kuehne+Nagel company. Technology advances "The Holy Grail for the pharma cold chain is 'how do I get perfect service at a more economical price?'" says Dan Gagnon, vice president of global strategy for UPS Healthcare.
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BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is a pandemic that began to emerge in December 2019 in various countries with high death rates of 4-9% until now. In March 2020, Indonesia found its first case where the condition of the infection kept spreading to various regions in Indonesia. Different regional conditions in Indonesia make it difficult to manage this virus infection. The capability of the regional hospitals to detect this virus infection with their facilities and infrastructure is required. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old man came to the Ajibarang Regional Hospital with complaints of coughs and colds felt for 4 days and fever for 2 days. Physical examination found a good general condition, moderate pain, the temperature of 38.8degreeC, pharyngeal hyperemia, and minimal lung crackles sound. Laboratory tests showed normal leukocytes, platelet, and hemoglobin levels. Chest radiograph was suggestive of bronchitis. The patient was hospitalized for approximately 4 days until the fever resolved and was discharged. Five days after the patient was discharged from the hospital, the results of the viral load examination using real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSION(S): This case showed unusual conditions of a mild clinical COVID-19 infection, laboratory results that did not support viral infections, as well as radiology examination of only bronchitis. The viral load test was found to be positive. Therefore, the diagnosis of the COVID-19 infection requires a comprehensive interpretation of complete history taking, clinical examination, laboratory, and radiology examinations for clinicians working with limited hospital facilities and infrastructures.Copyright © 2023 Edward Kurnia Setiawan Limijadi, Inge Cahya Ramadhani, Dian Tunjungsari Hartutiningtyas, Gara Samara Brajadenta.
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Not only do the early pandemic fads of sourdough baking and mushroom foraging make the narrator's frontier-style life now seem less removed from reality, the loneliness, uncertainty, and subdued terror that form the backdrop of her daily routine perhaps for the first time will be relatable to students. [...]their loneliness begets deeper woes: the most recently released Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2023) issued by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention shares that almost half of high school students in 2021 reported "persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness," a significant increase from prepandemic times. In a variation of an American Association of Teachers of German sponsored public graffiti event created by my colleague several years ago to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall, I will repeat her prompt: "Which walls hold you back?" Key to her question was the understanding of a "wall" as any kind of social, physical, or mental impediment that prevented students from fully realizing their goals. In particular, the moment at which the narrator encounters the wall is jarring;a comparison of the literary versus cinematic description of this event offers students the opportunity to consider the power and/or limits of the written word.
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remains a major public health problem, especially in younger children and the elderly. But several monoclonal antibodies, antivirals and vaccines, either recently launched or in development, offer new hope for RSV prevention and treatment.Copyright © 2023 Wiley Interface Ltd.
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Background: Patients with cancer are at a higher risk of getting infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 owing to their immunocompromised state. Providing care to these patients amidst the first wave of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was extremely challenging. Objective(s): This study was aimed at evaluating the clinical profile and disease-related outcomes of pediatric patients with hematological illnesses and cancer. Material(s) and Method(s): This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in North India during the first wave of the pandemic from March 2020 to December 2020. Children aged up to 18 years, who were treated for a hematological illness or malignancy or underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and tested positive for COVID-19 regardless of symptoms were included in the study. Baseline demographic data related to the age, diagnosis, treatment status, and chemotherapy protocol used were collected. Outcomes including the cure rates, comorbidities, and sequelae were recorded. Result(s): A total of 650 tests for COVID-19 were performed for 181 children;22 patients were found to be COVID-19 positive. The most common diagnosis was acute leukemia (63.6%). None of the patients developed COVID-19 pneumonia. The majority of patients had asymptomatic infection and were managed at home. Among those with a symptomatic infection, the most common symptoms were fever and cough. A total of 3 (13.6%) patients needed oxygen therapy, one developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children leading to cardiogenic shock. Three patients required intensive care or respiratory support;all the patients had favorable clinical outcomes. The median time from the onset of COVID-19 to a negative result on the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test was 21.3 days. Cancer treatment was modified in 15 patients (68.2%). Conclusion(s): Our results suggest that children with hemato-oncological illnesses rarely experience severe COVID-19 disease. The impact of the first wave of COVID-19 primarily manifested as disruptions in the logistic planning and administration of essential treatment to these children rather than COVID-19 sequelae.Copyright © 2021 Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
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Introduction: Earlier estimates of SARS-CoV- 2 do not accurately account for the extent of undiagnosed infections in children, who typically experience mild or asymptomatic disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV- 2 antibodies in children from District Swabi, one of the populous districts of Pakistan, and to identify symptoms most frequently associated with seropositivity. Methodology: We used ELISA to test for the presence of antibodies, IgM and IgG, in blood samples collected from 246 children of school-going age (5-16 years old) selected randomly from the district of Swabi, Pakistan. This study was approved by Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Ethical Board, and Advanced Studies Review Board. Data were collected on a purposefully built questionnaire. Result(s): Overall, 2.0% of our participants were seropositive for IgM, whereas 23.1% were seropositive for IgG. Older age, female gender, and contact history were significantly associated with higher seropositivity. Symptoms associated with seropositivity were: fever (98.0%), cough (90.0%), sore throat (79.0%), coryza (68.0%), myalgia (61.0%), loss of sense of smell and taste (49.0%), and vomiting or diarrhoea (8.0%). Although 77.6% of our IgG seropositive participants recalled experiencing flu-like symptoms, none of the participants in this study had visited the doctor or were tested for SARS-COV- 2. We found IgG titres to be significantly higher in symptomatic children. Conclusion(s): The number of undiagnosed infections in children may be substantially larger than the official accounts. Sparse data are available regarding coronavirus disease in children, particularly in low middle-income countries (LMIC). The most frequently symptoms were fever, cough, sore throat, coreza, myalgia, loss of sense of smell and taste and lastly vomiting and diarrhoea. Serological studies provide valuable insight into the immunological status of a population, and can prove vital when considering future strategies.
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Cuba exhibe indicadores promedio de consumo aparente diario de alimentos que rebasan las recomendaciones nutricionales diarias. Sin embargo, este consumo depende en gran medida de importaciones de alimentos, ya que los esfuerzos de política por reactivar el sector agropecuario aún no se revierten en incrementos de la producción doméstica. Esta situación se ha acrecentado en años recientes, marcados por la pandemia de la Covid-19 y el recrudecimiento del bloqueo estadounidense. Como resultado, se evidencia una contracción de la disponibilidad de alimentos como resultado de las caídas en la producción nacional y en las importaciones. Ello, junto a otros factores, dificultan el acceso a los alimentos. Por demás, el gasto en alimentación sigue siendo el más importante dentro del gasto familiar, limitando las posibilidades de otros consumos igualmente relevantes. Este artículo examina en mayor profundidad la problemática que significa para las familias cubanas alcanzar la seguridad alimentaria en el contexto actual. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Cuban Studies is the property of Pluto Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Xiao Chaihu Decoction combined with Maxing Shigan Decoction is a classic herbal formula. All of them are derived from Treatise on Cold Damage(Shang Han Lun) by ZHANG Zhong-jing. This combination has the effects of harmonizing lesser yang, relieving exterior syndrome, clearing lung heat, and relieving panting. It is mainly used for treating the disease involving the triple-Yang combination of diseases and accumulation of pathogenic heat in the lung. Xiao Chaihu Decoction combined with Maxing Shigan Decoction is a classic combination for the treatment of exogenous diseases involving the triple-Yang combination. They are commonly used in exogenous diseases, especially in the north of China. This combination is also the main treatment strategy for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) accompanied by fever and cough. Maxing Shigan Decoction is a classical herbal formula for treating the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung. "Dyspnea after sweating" suggests the accumulation of pathogenic heat in the lung. Patients with mild symptoms may develop cough and asthma along with forehead sweating, and those in critical severe may develop whole-body sweating, especially the front chest. Modern medicine believes that the above situation is related to lung infection. "Mild fever" refers to syndromes rather than pathogenesis. It does not mean that the heat syndrome is not heavy, instead, it suggests that severe heat and inflammation have occurred. The indications of Xiao Chaihu Decoction combined with Maxing Shigan Decoction are as follows.(1) In terms of diseases, it is suitable for the treatment of viral pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, COVID-19 infection, measles with pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS), avian influenza, H1N1 influenza, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation, pertussis, and other influenza and pneumonia.(2) In terms of syndromes, it can be used for the syndromes of bitter mouth, dry pharynx, vertigo, loss of appetite, vexation, vomiting, and fullness and discomfort in the chest and hypochondrium. It can also be used to treat alternate attacks of chill and fever and different degrees of fever, as well as chest tightness, cough, asthma, expectoration, dry mouth, wanting cold drinks, feeling agitated, sweating, yellow urine, dry stool, red tongue, yellow or white fur, and floating, smooth, and powerful pulse, especially the right wrist pulse.
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Asthme , COVID-19 , Médicaments issus de plantes chinoises , Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A , Grippe humaine , Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive , Animaux , Humains , Toux , Syndrome , Médicaments issus de plantes chinoises/usage thérapeutique , Médicaments issus de plantes chinoises/pharmacologie , Poumon , Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive/traitement médicamenteux , Soins de réanimation , Médecine traditionnelle chinoiseRésumé
The coronavirus (CoV) family includes several viruses infecting humans, highlighting the importance of exploring pan-CoV vaccine strategies to provide broad adaptive immune protection. We analyze T cell reactivity against representative Alpha (NL63) and Beta (OC43) common cold CoVs (CCCs) in pre-pandemic samples. S, N, M, and nsp3 antigens are immunodominant, as shown for severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS2), while nsp2 and nsp12 are Alpha or Beta specific. We further identify 78 OC43- and 87 NL63-specific epitopes, and, for a subset of those, we assess the T cell capability to cross-recognize sequences from representative viruses belonging to AlphaCoV, sarbecoCoV, and Beta-non-sarbecoCoV groups. We find T cell cross-reactivity within the Alpha and Beta groups, in 89% of the instances associated with sequence conservation >67%. However, despite conservation, limited cross-reactivity is observed for sarbecoCoV, indicating that previous CoV exposure is a contributing factor in determining cross-reactivity. Overall, these results provide critical insights in developing future pan-CoV vaccines.
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COVID-19 , Rhume banal , Humains , Lymphocytes T , SARS-CoV-2 , Réactions croiséesRésumé
Introduction: Melanoma of the rectum is an extremely rare disease. The median survival rate is 2-5 years. Current treatment for this aggressive cancer is resection if possible and consider adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy;immunotherapy in nonresectable cases. Given the rapid spread of disease due to its submucosal growth and metastasis pattern, there is low success rates with treatments. Case Description/Methods: An 84-year-old male presented to the emergency department with an acute COVID-19 infection. The patient was also found to have gram-negative septicemia on blood cultures, so a CT abdomen/pelvis was performed (Figure 1a). The CT showed rectal wall thickening. A flexible sigmoidoscopy was planned for a future outpatient visit after recovering from his acute infection. The patient, however, developed an acute onset of dyspnea and had a high probability V/Q scan while in the hospital. He was started on anticoagulation, and shortly after starting therapy the patient developed bright red rectal bleeding. Due to the new onset of rectal bleeding it was decided to expedite the sigmoidoscopy. The sigmoidoscopy was performed in the hospital showing an ulcerated partially black pigmented non- obstructing medium-sized mass that was partially circumferential involving one-third of the lumen (Figure 1b). A biopsy of the lesion was taken using cold-forceps. The pathology stained positive for S100 consistent with melanoma. The diagnosis of anorectal melanoma was made, and colorectal surgery was consulted. The patient was deemed not to be a surgical candidate secondary to age and active COVID-19 infection. Oncology was consulted, and it was decided to start the patient on radiation and immunotherapy with a PD-1 inhibitor. Discussion(s): The symptoms of anorectal melanoma can be subtle and in this case report completely asymptomatic. Symptoms to be aware of are rectal bleeding and tenesmus. Diagnosing melanoma on sigmoidoscopy can be challenging as most tumors are not pigmented. Biopsies should be taken and sent for immunohistochemical staining for S100, if positive the patient should have a PET scan. Treatment choices for the tumor are based on staging. In a resectable tumor sphincter-saving local excision with radiotherapy to the site of the tumor and the pericolic and inguinal lymphatics is recommended. For unresectable tumors or tumors with distant metastasis, immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab and ipilimumab) is an emerging treatment choice.
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History: Twenty-two year old male basic trainee was brought to the ED after collapsing during a routine ruck march. At mile 8/12, soldier was noted to develop an unsteady gate and had witnessed loss of consciousness. A rectal core temperature was obtained and noted to be >107degreeF. Cooling initiated with ice sheets and EMS was activated. On arrival to the ED, patient demonstrated confusion and persistently elevated core temperatures despite ice sheeting, chilled saline and cold water bladder lavage. Cooling measures were discontinued after patient achieved euthermia in the ED;however, his temperatures subsequently spiked>103degreeF. Given rebound hyperthermia, an endovascular cooling (EVC) device was placed in the right femoral vein and patient was transferred to the ICU. Multiple attempts to place EVC device on standby were unsuccessful with subsequent rebound hyperthermia. Prolonged cooling was required. Physical Exam: VS: HR 121, BP 85/68, RR 22 SpO2 100% RA, Temp 102.4degreeF Gen: young adult male, NAD, shivering, A&Ox2 (person and place only) HEENT: Scleral anicteric, conjunctiva non-injected, moist mucus membranes Neck: Supple, no LAD Chest: CTAB, no wheezes/rales/rhonchi CV: tachycardia, regular rhythm, normal S1, S2 without murmurs, rubs, gallops ABD: NABS, soft/non-distended, no guarding or rebound EXT: No LE edema, tenderness SKIN: blisters with broad erythematous bases on bilateral heels Neuro: CN II-XII grossly intact, 5/5 strength in all extremities. Differential Diagnosis: 216. Septic Shock 217. Hypothalamic Stroke 218. Exertional Heat Stroke (EHS) 219. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 220. Thyroid Storm Test Results: CBC: 18.2>14.5/40.6<167 CMP: 128/3.5 88/1831/2.7<104, AST 264, ALT 80, Ca 8.8 Lactate: 7.1 CK: 11 460 Myoglobin: 18 017 TSH: 3.16 CXR: No acute cardiopulmonary process Blood Cx: negative x2 CSF Cx: Negative COVID/Influenza/EBV: Negative Brain MRI: wnl. Final Diagnosis: Exertional Heat Stroke. Discussion(s): No EVC protocols exist for the management of EHS or rebound/refractory hyperthermia. As a result, the protocol used for this patient was adapted from post-cardiac arrest cooling protocols. It is unclear if this adapted protocol contributed to his delayed cooling and rebound hyperthermia as it was not intended for this patient demographic/ pathophysiology. Furthermore, despite initiating empiric antibiotics upon admission, delayed recognition and tailored therapy for his bilateral ankle cellulitis may have contributed to the difficulty in achieving euthermia. In summary, more research needs to be done to evaluate and develop an EVC protocol for EHS. Outcome(s): Euthermia was achieved and maintained after 36 hours of continuous EVC, at which point it was discontinued. His CK, AST/ALT, creatinine and sodium down-trended after discontinuation of EVC. Patient's antibiotics were transitioned to an oral formulation for treatment of ankle cellulitis and he was prepared for discharge. He was discharged with regular follow-up with the Fort Benning Heat Clinic. Follow-Up: After discharge, patient had regularly scheduled visits with the Fort Benning Heat Clinic. His typical lab markers for exertional heat stroke were regularly monitored. He had continued resolution of his Rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury and hyponatremia with typical treatment. Soldier returned to duty after 10 weeks of close monitoring and rehabilitation.
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Intro: With the relentless waves of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), there is a need for widespread community adoption of infection prevention(IP) measures including hand hygiene, use of face masks, and staying at home when unwell. Understanding the profile of individuals who do not consistently practice IP can help target public health education. Method(s): We conducted a nationally-representative population survey from November 2020 to January 2021. Households were randomly selected from a proportionately stratified national census. The household member with the most recent birthday was invited to complete the survey. Three questions on a 5-point Likert-scale(never-rarely-occasionally-often-always) assessed IP behaviours(hand hygiene, face mask use when having a cough/cold, staying at home when having a cold/flu) before and during the pandemic. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to assess factors associated with the non- or inconsistent("never-rarely-occasionally") adoption of any of the three IP behaviours during the pandemic. Finding(s): Mean age of 2004 respondents was 44.5(SD 15.0) years, with 52% females and 65% being highly educated (diploma/degree holders). Although 12% reported consistently("often-always") adopting all 3 IP behaviours pre-pandemic, the majority(n=1752, 87%) reported doing so during the pandemic. After adjusting for age, educational level, and presence of chronic illness, males(AOR 1.71 [95%CI 1.30, 2.25], Chinese(AOR 1.48 [1.07, 2.05]), low-adopters of healthy lifestyle(AOR 1.59 [1.03, 2.45]) and those who did not or inconsistently adopted IP behaviours pre-pandemic(AOR 8.92 [3.28, 24.27]) were more likely not to or inconsistently adopt the 3 IP behaviours during the pandemic. Discussion(s): During the ongoing pandemic, educational messages and information channels on IP measures could be more targeted at males and Chinese. Additionally, the promotion of healthy lifestyle and consistent adoption of IP behaviours during non-pandemic times is critical for consistent adoption of IP behaviours during pandemics. Conclusion(s): Males, Chinese, and low-adopters of healthy lifestyle and IP behaviours pre-pandemic do not consistently practice IP during the pandemic.Copyright © 2023
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Recent electoral victories by left-leaning leaders and parties mark another turn in the oscillations of Latin American politics, but they also signal enduring changes. The electoral success of the left is a sign of both the durability of electoral democracy and the persistence of social pres-sures in highly unequal societies. In this article, we discuss how the electoral fates and governing strategies of leftist movements and parties reflect the conditions in which they emerged. We ana-lyze the political and organizational legacies of Cold War repression as well as the ways in which global events such as 9/11, the commodity boom of the 2000s and its exhaustion, the covid-19 pandemic, and the new global wave of progressive movements, have shaped the ebb-and-flow of left-wing politics. We conclude with reflections on the possibilities for the construction of social democracy as an alternative to radical populist and right-wing oligarchical politics. © 2023, Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C.. All rights reserved.
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With the development of economy and the gradual improvement of material living standards, people's demand for nutritious and fresh products such as fresh, dairy products, fruits and vegetables is also increasing. Under the influence of the COVID-19, people put forward higher requirements for the distribution timeliness and radiation radius of cold chain logistics enterprises. Based on the existing research, this paper conducts an optimization study on the location selection of the distribution center of cold chain logistics for large-scale enterprises with self-operated operation mode. Moreover, a location model based on cluster analysis is proposed. The clustering results are corrected by gravity center method. Secondly, the optimization model of cycle picking is used to consider transportation cost, cooling cost, time constraint and so on. A better distribution center node is selected from the alternative points. Finally, the validity of the model is verified by case analysis. © 2023 SPIE.
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COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: COVID-19 pandemic has made an extraordinary impact on global vaccine technology platform developments. Never in human history have there at least 6 vaccine platforms including: inactivated, protein subunit, VLP and other 3 new platforms i.e., mRNA, viral vector, and DNA, with more than 160 vaccine candidates being developed and tested in clinical trials. Nonetheless, among these several vaccine platforms, mRNA vaccine has been proven to be one of the most effective vaccines against COVID-19. There are two mRNA vaccines authorized for emergency use within a year and currently more than 20 mRNA vaccines are in clinical trials. The main advantages of mRNA vaccines are that they are speedily to design and develop, induce strong antibody and T-cell responses, manufacturing faster and at a lower cost. However, one of the major limitations is that it must be stored in cold temperatures. Currently more than billion doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have been given globally. mRNA vaccines will be a key platform for next pandemics preparedness, it is therefore establishing this platform in various regions and LMICs is critical. Beyond COVID-19: A number of viral and cancer mRNA vaccines have been developing even before COVID-19. At least 12 mRNA vaccines against various infectious diseases are now in clinical evaluation, including Chikungunya virus, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus type3, HIV, Influenza, Nipah, Rabies, Lasa, RSV, Zika, Varicella-zoster virus. Only few are entering phase 3 such as a CMV vaccine, RSV, seasonal influenza. Current mRNA cancer vaccines development, including brain, breast, melanoma, esophagus, lung, ovarian, prostate and solid tumors. Most are aimed for personalized therapy. By 2023, at least 1 viral mRNA vaccine may get approval, whereas a cancer vaccine might take much longer time. Nevertheless, the remaining challenge at the global level is how to truly overcome the vaccine inequity issues in a sustainable way.Copyright © 2023